Что такое global citizenship
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
использование
Образование
В образовании этот термин чаще всего используется для описания мировоззрения или набора ценностей, на которые ориентировано образование (см., Например, приоритеты Глобальной инициативы «Образование прежде всего», возглавляемой Генеральным секретарем Организации Объединенных Наций ). Термин «глобальное общество» иногда используется для обозначения набора учебных целей для студентов в области глобальных исследований, чтобы подготовить их к глобальному гражданству (см., Например, Центр глобальных исследований в Университете Питтсбурга ).
Образование в духе глобальной гражданственности
В связи с тем, что GCED привлекает внимание, ученые исследуют эту область и разрабатывают перспективы. Ниже приведены некоторые из наиболее распространенных точек зрения:
Философия
Психологические исследования
Глобальные социологи и психологи изучали индивидуальные различия в смысле глобальной гражданственности. Начиная с 2005 года, Всемирное исследование ценностей (WVS), проводимое почти в 100 странах, включало утверждение: «Я считаю себя гражданином мира». В 6-й волне WVS, проводившейся с 2010 по 2014 год, 29,5% респондентов во всем мире «полностью согласились» и еще 41% «согласились» с этим утверждением. Тем не менее, были широкие национальные различия, поскольку 71% граждан Катара, 21% граждан США, 16% китайцев и только 11% палестинцев «полностью согласны». Однако интерпретировать эти различия сложно, поскольку методы опроса в разных странах различаются, а значение термина «гражданин мира» различается в разных языках и культурах.
Исследования показали, что те, у кого высокая глобальная человеческая идентификация, менее предвзято относятся ко многим группам, больше заботятся о международных правах человека, общемировом неравенстве, глобальной бедности и человеческих страданиях. Они более активно занимаются решением глобальных проблем, более одинаково ценят жизни всех людей и уделяют больше времени и денег международным гуманитарным целям. Они, как правило, более либеральны в политическом отношении как по внутренним, так и по международным вопросам. Они хотят, чтобы их страны делали больше для облегчения страданий мира.
В 2019 году был опубликован обзор всех исследований психологии глобальной идентификации человека и гражданства до 2018 года.
Аспекты
География, суверенитет и гражданство
Права человека
Сторонники глобального гражданства могут наделить людей особыми правами и обязанностями людей, оказавшихся в ловушке конфликтов, заключенных в рамках этнической чистки и доиндустриальных племен, недавно обнаруженных учеными, живущими в глубинах густых джунглей.
Генеральная Ассамблея ООН
10 декабря 1948 года Генеральная Ассамблея ООН приняла резолюцию 217A (III), также известную как « Всеобщая декларация прав человека ».
В статье 1 говорится, что «Все люди рождаются свободными и равными в своем достоинстве и правах. Они наделены разумом и совестью и должны действовать по отношению друг к другу в духе братства».
Статья 2 гласит, что «Каждый человек имеет право на все права и свободы, изложенные в настоящей Декларации, без каких-либо различий, таких как раса, цвет кожи, пол, язык, религия, политические или другие взгляды, национальное или социальное происхождение, собственность, по рождению или другому статусу. Кроме того, не должно проводиться никаких различий на основе политического, юрисдикционного или международного статуса страны или территории, к которой принадлежит лицо, независимо от того, является ли она независимой, доверительной, несамоуправляющейся или какой-либо иной ограничение суверенитета «.
В статье 13 (2) говорится, что «Каждый имеет право покинуть любую страну, включая свою собственную, и вернуться в свою страну».
Декларация независимости США
Социальные движения
Гражданин мира
Мундиализация
Гимн Земли
Автор-политик Шаши Тхарур считает, что гимн Земли, исполняемый людьми со всего мира, может вдохновить людей на осознание планет и глобальное гражданство.
Критика
Не все интерпретации глобального гражданства положительны. Например, Бхикху Чоталал Парекх защищает то, что он называет глобально ориентированным гражданством, и заявляет: «Если глобальное гражданство означает быть гражданином мира, это нецелесообразно и нежелательно». Он утверждает, что глобальное гражданство, определяемое как фактическое членство в мировой правительственной системе, непрактично и оторвано от непосредственного сообщества. Он также отмечает, что такое мировое государство неизбежно будет «удаленным, бюрократическим, репрессивным и культурно безвкусным». Парех представляет свой альтернативный вариант следующим образом: «Поскольку условия жизни наших собратьев в отдаленных частях мира должны вызывать у нас глубокую моральную и политическую озабоченность, наше гражданство имеет неизбежное глобальное измерение, и мы должны стремитесь стать тем, что я бы назвал гражданином, ориентированным на глобальное развитие «. Концепция глобально ориентированного гражданства Пареха состоит в идентификации и укреплении связей с политическим региональным сообществом (будь то в его нынешнем состоянии или в улучшенной, пересмотренной форме), одновременно признавая и действуя в соответствии с обязательствами по отношению к другим в остальном мире.
Что касается этих философов-джентльменов, тех Граждан мира, как они себя называют, Он признался, что не желает видеть никого из них в наших общественных советах. Он не поверит им. Мужчины, которые могут избавиться от своих привязанностей к своей Родине, никогда не смогут любить другую. Эти пристрастия являются благими предрассудками, которые поддерживают все правительства. Допустите француза в свой сенат, и он будет учиться, чтобы увеличить торговлю Франции: англичанин, и он почувствует такое же пристрастие в пользу Англии.
global citizenship
1 global corporate citizenship
См. также в других словарях:
Global citizenship — is both moral and ethical disposition which might guide an individual or groups understanding of the local and global contexts and their relative responsibilities within different communities. It is motivated through a complex set of commitments… … Wikipedia
Global Footsteps — is the educational programme affiliated to The Rendezvous Society a non profit British charity organisation (UK Registered Charity 293357). ProjectsGlobal Footsteps organises educational programmes around the world. These include study tours,… … Wikipedia
Global Cosmopolitanism — is a subset of a cosmopolitan ideal, and one that can be found resident as an emerging identity formation on the InternetFact|date=September 2007. A global cosmopolitan is an individual adept at navigating freely within cyberspace, and in doing… … Wikipedia
Global citizens movement — In most discussions, the global citizens movement is a socio political process rather than a political organization or party structure. The term is often used synonymously with the anti globalization movement or the global justice movement.[1]… … Wikipedia
Global Alliance for Peace and Prosperity — The Global Alliance for Peace and Prosperity (GAPP ) is a nonprofit and nonpartisan membership organization founded in May 15th 2007 and based at Munich, Germany. MissionThe organizations mission is promoting understanding of globalization and… … Wikipedia
Citizenship Aesthetics — (公民美學 in Chinese) is a movement set forth by Council for Cultural Affairs, Taiwan that proposes an aesthetic style of practicing citizenship. Citizenship aesthetians believe that an aesthetic style of citizenship can help set up the best of our… … Wikipedia
Global Compact — oder auch United Nations Global Compact ist der englische Name für einen weltweiten Pakt (deutsch: Globaler Pakt der Vereinten Nationen), der zwischen Unternehmen und der UNO geschlossen wird, um die Globalisierung sozialer und ökologischer zu… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Citizenship — Citizen redirects here. For other uses, see Citizen (disambiguation). Civic duty redirects here. For the film, see Civic Duty (film). This article is about the civic duty of citizens. For information about the nationality laws of particular… … Wikipedia
Global Panel Foundation — Logo der Global Panel Foundation Die Global Panel Foundation ist eine Internationale Nichtregierungsorganisation[1], die im Jahre 1989 vom holländischen Unternehmer Bas Spuybroek gegründet wurde. Ihren Hauptsitz hat sie seit 1997 in Berlin.… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Global Connections High School — Infobox School name=Global Connections High School imagesize=300px caption=A plaque in front of the school. The logo on the right shows a stylized globe, representing Global Connections s commitment to world issues. streetaddress=4424 S 188th St… … Wikipedia
What is global citizenship?
First, let’s set the stage: the world is becoming more global and interconnected every day. From multinational corporations to climate change to social and political movements, humanity’s fate is increasingly intertwined.
Moreover, we are in the early stages of an historic shift of identity — increasingly less tied to any particular location — which will have far-reaching implications for business, government and society alike.
Against this backdrop, debates about globalization are taking place at an unprecedented level. And yet, we seem to have almost forgotten about the role of global citizenship. It is imperative that we turn these tides.
There are two kinds of global citizens: individuals, who share a set of values and responsibilities; and corporations, who have focused on globalization and seem to have left global citizenship behind. I am focused on being a role model for individuals, helping corporations become better global citizens, and highlighting the importance and voices of global citizens everywhere.
‘The shared human experience’
Global citizenship is about the shared human experience. It acknowledges and celebrates that, wherever we come from and wherever we live, we are here together. Our well-being and success are ultimately interdependent. We have more to learn from one another than to fear about our future.
Global citizenship is also about shared values and shared responsibility. Global citizens understand that local events are significantly shaped and affected by global and remote events, and vice-versa. They champion fundamental human rights above any national law or identity, and social contracts that preserve elements of equality among all people.
Diversity, interdependence, empathy and perspective are essential values of global citizenship. Global citizens harness these values and are uniquely positioned to contribute in multiple contexts — locally, nationally and internationally — without harming one community to benefit another. They foster and promote international understanding.
Global citizens include individuals, corporations, global nomads, “glocals,” young and old, big and small, for-profit and non-profit, public and private, introverts and extroverts, men and women and children and anyone in between. Global citizenship and long-term, visionary leadership go hand-in-hand: Individual leaders who espouse shared values, and corporate citizens whose governance, ethics, business model and investment strategy create — not only extract — value in each and every place they touch.
Global citizenship is not the same as globalization. Globalization — the process by which organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale — is driven by economics, business and money. It’s about the flow of products, capital, people and information. Global citizenship, on the other hand, is driven by identity and values. Global citizens build bridges, mitigate risk and safeguard humanity. While globalization is under hot debate today, we have never needed global citizens more than now.
Why does global citizenship matter?
Global citizens are not born; they are created. Children do not have an innate understanding of their shared humanity; they learn this over time. The importance of education and enabling global perspectives cannot be understated.
Historically, global citizenship was rooted in a common desire to prevent war. Common reasoning was that the more we knew about each other, the more likely we would ensure peace, progress and prosperity. More recently, the Human Genome Project has shown us — for the first time in human history — that scientifically, we are all one. New technologies also enable us to connect with more people in more ways than ever before, allowing us to discover our similarities and differences, better understand our interdependencies, and expand our worldviews.
Yet many people don’t feel this way or have not had such experiences. Around the world, we see people who lack a sense of belonging: they do not feel a deeper connection to other places, people or cultures. Often they do not feel as though they even belong at home. Moreover, especially in developing countries, people who have been unable to participate in the “digital revolution” have also been left out of these conversations. Connectedness is not universal.
In the corporate realm, all too often in recent decades we have seen companies that have put corporate interests above those of individuals, communities and the environment. We read about unethical behavior, corruption, rent-seeking, egregious labor practices, environmental degradation, and worse. These activities represent the antithesis of what the world needs.
Global citizenship helps bridge these gaps and rectify these realities, and global citizens are its ambassadors. Doing this is not only about mindset; it is about actions, lifestyles and building greater connections over time.
Why now? What’s different about today?
Despite the fact that we’ve been living in an increasingly global world for centuries, debates about globalization today are raging unlike almost ever before. From Brexit to the U.S. presidential election, rising nationalism and refugee crises, we see backlash and misunderstandings across-the-board. Global citizenship has always been important. But it is now urgent to highlight its importance to society, business, and the world at large.
We are in the early stages of an historic shift of identity. Increasingly, we are less tied to any particular location, social structure, or nation-state. This is a massive shift, which we (read: people and organizations everywhere) are broadly not aware of or prepared for. It requires a re-grinding of our frames of reference and lenses on change. It also has a wide range of implications. Here are some of the most important:
Technology: The internet is borderless and globalization has gone digital. Smartphones and other mobile devices give us an unprecedented level of global interconnectedness. New technologies have an incredible democratizing power, for those who can access them. If we couple this interconnectedness with global citizenship values, then the world opens up — and gives voice and opportunity — to far more people.
Leadership: Globalization and global citizenship are not the same. Globalization has brought unprecedented benefits to many, but not all. Successful leaders are global citizens, whether they are CEOs, prime ministers, community leaders or children. Whether and how we build a truly inclusive, sustainable future will depend on our ability to help new generations of leaders to become global.
Business: Global businesses, in particular multi-national corporations (MNCs) are bearing the brunt of today’s globalization debates. And they should. For decades, and even centuries, MNCs have extracted more than they have contributed. They have benefited a few (typically executives and shareholders) at the expense of others (often those without a voice: workers, communities and the environment).
Nonetheless, globalization has added immense value to the global economy (to the tune of 10% of global GDP). More interconnected countries and emerging markets have benefited most from this trend, in terms of economic growth. So it is not that globalization itself is bad, nor that it is going away anytime soon.
This is where global citizens are crucial, because they understand both global and local contexts. For example, while globalization has narrowed inequality among countries, it has exacerbated it within them. Hence the solutions are more about targeted domestic policy changes than closing borders or deregulation. In terms of business, it’s time to revise MNCs’ strategies to ensure they generate global prosperity, engage society and contribute to a greater good.
Politics: Many politicians see globalism as a disease, and nationalism as the cure. But this is a false dichotomy. “Deglobalizing” will not achieve the goals of peace, progress and prosperity. Rather, we must look to global citizenship’s shared values for lasting answers.
Youth, education and workforce mobility: New technologies break down barriers for learning, development and earning income. Today’s youth tend to see the world — and themselves — as more global, borderless and fluid. And one in every seven people in the world today is already an immigrant.
Yet these themes are full of unknowns ahead, from the automation of jobs to the “youth bulge” in many emerging markets. High-skilled workers may be less tied to any particular location or profession, while low-skilled workers may have ever-fewer options. Global citizens who understand the layers of implications will be key to developing responsible solutions.
Environment and climate change: There is probably no other issue that more clearly underscores our interconnectedness than climate change. The earth depends on collective stewardship that transcends any geopolitical border or economy. One of the many essential roles that global citizens play is to protect and enforce global compacts. The health of the planet, and society, hinges on global citizens leading this charge.
Cities and urbanization: We are living in the urban millennium. By 2100, more people will live in cities than exist in the world today. Cities are the engines of global growth. They are full of opportunities as well as challenges. They present a classic case of “glocalism”: the most successful cities are both connected globally and able to address local needs… in other words, in perfect alignment with the values of global citizenship.
Global citizenship is not a one-size-fits-all concept, nor is it a panacea. But it is an extremely powerful tool in our 21st century toolbox for building a more sustainable, resilient and compassionate world. Everyone can play an important part. The world is waiting for you.
Global citizenship
In the field of education, the concept of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) is rapidly incorporating, and at times superseding, references to «Multicultural Education», «Peace Education», «Human Rights Education’ and «International Education».
In terms of international relations, global citizenship may refer to a nation-state’s responsibility to act with awareness of the world as a global community, by both recognizing and fulfilling its global obligations, and recognizing the rights of global ‘citizens’. Global citizenship is related to the idealist school of thought, that states should include a level of moral goodwill in their foreign policy considerations. Whilst a judgement of ‘good’ global citizenship is a subjective one, some widely agreed upon examples of cases requiring a level of good global citizenship include the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, and the upholding of the UN Charter for Human Rights.Many states struggle to strike a balance between being a ‘good’ and ‘effective’ global citizen.
Many challenges are presented by the term ‘global citizenship’, extending to a total rejection of the notion as even possible. For example, one prominent challenge is how global citizenship is closely intertwined with the concept of ethical universality (e.g., parcelling out individual responsibilities for the global). Ethical universality can frame global citizenship in terms of managerial tasks that are somehow coordinated by a larger (cohesive) entity. Global citizenship can also be seen as motivated by economic imperatives whereby one nation state encourages fluency of international markets/cultures/languages with the intent of being more competitive within a global economy. This is often identified as a ‘neoliberal’ approach to global citizenship.Global citizenship is people all over the world working together everyday making the world a better place.
External links
* [http://www.jstor.org/view/00405841/ap050101/05a00040/0 Attaining a Global Perspective] by Robert J. Hanvey
* [http://www.soci.niu.edu/
phildept/Kapitan/nussbaum1.html Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism] by Martha Nussbaum
Pike, G., & Selby, D. (2000). In the global classroom 2. Toronto: Pippin Publishing.
Pike, G., & Selby, D. (1988). Global teacher, global learner. London: Hodder & Stoughton
* [http://globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/contemp/global-belonging.doc The Spirit of Global Belonging: Perspectives from Some Humanity-Oriented Icons] by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
* [http://learn.christianaid.org.uk/ Christian Aid’s Resource for Global Citizenship Education]
* [http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/globalcitiz/?searchterm=citizenship Oxfam’s Resource for Global Citizenship Education]
* [http://www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v97n2/computers/ess.asp] Cosmopolitan Ideal or Cybercentrism? A Critical Examination of the Underlying Assumptions of «The Electronic Global Village» by Charles Ess
Look at other dictionaries:
Global Footsteps — is the educational programme affiliated to The Rendezvous Society a non profit British charity organisation (UK Registered Charity 293357). ProjectsGlobal Footsteps organises educational programmes around the world. These include study tours,… … Wikipedia
Global Cosmopolitanism — is a subset of a cosmopolitan ideal, and one that can be found resident as an emerging identity formation on the InternetFact|date=September 2007. A global cosmopolitan is an individual adept at navigating freely within cyberspace, and in doing… … Wikipedia
Global citizens movement — In most discussions, the global citizens movement is a socio political process rather than a political organization or party structure. The term is often used synonymously with the anti globalization movement or the global justice movement.[1]… … Wikipedia
Global Alliance for Peace and Prosperity — The Global Alliance for Peace and Prosperity (GAPP ) is a nonprofit and nonpartisan membership organization founded in May 15th 2007 and based at Munich, Germany. MissionThe organizations mission is promoting understanding of globalization and… … Wikipedia
Citizenship Aesthetics — (公民美學 in Chinese) is a movement set forth by Council for Cultural Affairs, Taiwan that proposes an aesthetic style of practicing citizenship. Citizenship aesthetians believe that an aesthetic style of citizenship can help set up the best of our… … Wikipedia
Global Compact — oder auch United Nations Global Compact ist der englische Name für einen weltweiten Pakt (deutsch: Globaler Pakt der Vereinten Nationen), der zwischen Unternehmen und der UNO geschlossen wird, um die Globalisierung sozialer und ökologischer zu… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Citizenship — Citizen redirects here. For other uses, see Citizen (disambiguation). Civic duty redirects here. For the film, see Civic Duty (film). This article is about the civic duty of citizens. For information about the nationality laws of particular… … Wikipedia
Global Panel Foundation — Logo der Global Panel Foundation Die Global Panel Foundation ist eine Internationale Nichtregierungsorganisation[1], die im Jahre 1989 vom holländischen Unternehmer Bas Spuybroek gegründet wurde. Ihren Hauptsitz hat sie seit 1997 in Berlin.… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Global Connections High School — Infobox School name=Global Connections High School imagesize=300px caption=A plaque in front of the school. The logo on the right shows a stylized globe, representing Global Connections s commitment to world issues. streetaddress=4424 S 188th St… … Wikipedia